Answer: The amino acid coded by AGA is Arginine
Explanation: in order to learn about amino acids we first need to understand the genetic code
What is the Genetic Code?
The genetic code is a set of rules by which Genetic information stored in DNA and RNA is converted into proteins to carry out Physiological functions. The DNA and RNA are made up of Nucleotides namely:
- adenosine monophosphate
- guanosine monophosphate
- thymidine monophosphate and
- cytidine monophosphate
During the process of transcription the genetic material in Double Stranded DNA gets transcribed to a single Stranded mRNA which enters the rRNA for Translation into a sequence of amino acids. Information inside rRNA is read in a sequence of 3 bases called Codons.
What are Codons?
A codon is a set of 3 N-bases read together during the process of translation, which corresponds to one amino acid.
Characteristics of codons.
- They are comma-less and read in a continuous and non-overlapping fashion.
- The code is Unambiguous i.e. only one amino acid is coded by a codon. This can be found from the codon table
- Multiple codons may code for a given amino acid
- Protein synthesis always begins at AUG. This codon is known as the Initiator Codon and codes for the amino acid Methionine.
- Translation ends when a stop codon is encountered. There are 3 stop codons UAA, UGA and UAG
so in the given question the amino acid coded by AGA is Arg which is the 3 letter abbreviation for Arginine. After mutation the amino acid coded by AGG is also Arginine(see the codon table). Thus this mutation is a mis-sense mutation as there is no change in amino acid sequence.
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