Answer :
Soils play a vital part in the global carbon cycle since carbon is so important for life on Earth. Microbes feed on the dead organic matter, which respire and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
What is Carbon cycle?
Carbon cycle is a biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the different components of the Earth.
Carbon cycle along with the Nitrogen cycle and the Water cycle, comprises a sequence of events that are key to make Earth capable of sustaining life.
It describes the movement of carbon as it is recycled and reused throughout the biosphere, as well as long-term processes of carbon sequestration to and release from carbon sinks.
The terrestrial carbon cycle is dominated by the balance between photosynthesis and respiration.
Carbon is transferred from the atmosphere to soil via ‘carbon-fixing’ autotrophic organisms, mainly photosynthesizing plants and also photo- and chemoautotrophic microbes that synthesize atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic material.
Fixed carbon is then returned to the atmosphere by a variety of different pathways that account for the respiration of both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms.
The reverse route includes decomposition of organic material by ‘organic carbon-consuming’ heterotrophic microorganisms that utilize the carbon of either plant, animal or microbial origin as a substrate for metabolism, retaining some carbon in their biomass and releasing the rest as metabolites or as CO2 back to the atmosphere.
What is the role of soil organisms in the Carbon Cycle?
Soil Organisms or Microbes are critical in the process of breaking down and transforming dead organic material into forms that can be reused by other organisms and thus the microbial enzyme systems involved are viewed as key ‘engines’ that drive the Earth's biogeochemical cycles.
Soil microbes essentially transfer carbon between environmental compartments to fulfil their fundamental goal: survival through reproduction.
Thus, microbes utilize different organic and inorganic forms of carbon as carbon and energy sources.
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