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Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However, the fragments will reseal "inside out." The little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. After the disruption, which components involved in oxidative phosphorylation must be present for electron transfer and ATP synthesis to still occur? A) only the electron transport system B) only the ATP synthase system C) all of the electron transport system and the proteins that add CoA to acetyl groups D) all of the electron transport system and ATP synthase

Answer :

After the disruption, the components involved in oxidative phosphorylation that must be present for electron transfer and ATP synthesis to still occur are D) all of the electron transport system and ATP synthase.

The electron transport system is  a series of protein complexes found embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complexes mediate the transfer of electrons coupled with the flow of protons across the inner membrane to the mitochondrial intermembrane space.

ATP Synthase is the F₀-F₁ complex that catalyzes the actual synthesis of ATP. This synthesis occurs by the driving force of the proton gradient formed at the intermembrane space. The synthase has a rotational motor mechanism for the synthesis.

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