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coma
as the comet accelerates toward the Sun, its surface temperature increases, and ices begin to vaporize into gas that easily escapes the comet's weak gravity
some of the escaping gas drags away dust particles from the nucleus, and the gas and dust create a huge, dusty atmosphere called...

Answer :

As the comet accelerates toward the Sun, dust particles from nucleus, gas and dust create a huge, dusty atmosphere called a coma

The comet, sometimes known as the "dirty snowball," is fully frozen in essence when it is far from the Sun. We refer to this frozen core as the comet's nucleus when it approaches the sun from the inside. A comet's surface temperature rises as it moves closer to the Sun, and its ices start to evaporate into gas that can readily escape the comet's weak gravity.

The gas and dust combine to form a massive, dusty environment known as a coma when some of the departing gas pushes dust particles away from the nucleus. As the comet moves deeper into the inner solar system, more gas and dust are pushed away from the Sun, generating the comet's tails. The coma also expands throughout this process. The length of a comet's tail can reach hundreds of millions of kilometres.

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